Dr. Joanna Aleksandra Radowicz is an assistant professor at the Kielce University of Technology and a graduate of the Jagiellonian University and the Kielce Academy (now Jan Kochanowski University in Kielce). She completed postgraduate studies in sociology at Collegium Civitas in Warsaw and received her doctorate from the Institute of Political Studies of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Her main research interests include independence trends in Europe, multiculturalism, migration, and Scottish national identity.